摘要
儒家天下“大同”思想出自《礼记·礼运》篇,萌发于先秦时期。它既饱含着孔子对中国远古黄金时代的礼赞和崇敬,亦承载着他对未来理想社会的憧憬和向往。近代以降,德国传教士汉学家安保罗以“四书五经”等儒家经典为根基,对孔子及其“大同”思想展开详实考察,提出“孔子是上帝赐予中华民族的一位伟大先知”的独到见解。其先知性就体现在孔子清醒地认识到自己是“尚未纯全”之人,并非《中庸》所尊崇的“至圣者”,而是“至圣者”的预言者。孔子所勾勒的“大同”理想与基督教核心价值在内涵上存在深层契合。在一定意义上,打破阻碍东西方文明交往的精神隔阂,努力让人类创造的各种文明交相辉映,也生动体现了对“人类命运共同体”思想的早期探索。
参考文献
MacGillivray, Donald. A Century of Protestant Missions in China, 1807-1907, Being the Centenary Conference Historical Volume. Shanghai: American Presbyterian Mission Press, 1907.
Records of the General Conference of the Protestant Missionaries of China 1890 held at Shanghai, May 7-20, 1890.
Smith, A.H.. The Uplift of China, New York: Young People's Missionary Movement, 1907.
The Chinese Recorder. Vol.26, June 1894.
Soothill, William Edward. The Analects of Confucius. Yokohama: The Fukuin Printing Company, 1910.
安保罗。《圣经要道》。上海:上海美华书馆,1896。[Kranz, Paul. Fundamental Truths of the Bible. Shanghai: American Presbyterian Mission Press, 1896.]
安保罗。《救世教成全儒教说》。上海:上海美华书馆,1898。[Kranz, Paul. The Salvation Religion Completes Confucianism. Shanghai: American Presbyterian Mission Press, 1896.]
安保罗。《孟子本义官话》。上海:上海美华书馆,1910。 [Kranz, Paul. Mencius: Original Meaning in Vernacular Mandarin. Shanghai: American Presbyterian Mission Press, 1910.]
安保罗。《论语本义官话》。上海:上海美华书馆,1910。[Kranz, Paul. The Analects: Original Meaning in Vernacular Mandarin. Shanghai: American Presbyterian Mission Press, 1910.]
安保罗。《中庸本义官话》。上海:上海美华书馆,1910。[Kranz, Paul. The Doctrine of the Mean: Original Meaning in Vernacular Mandarin. Shanghai: American Presbyterian Mission Press, 1910.]
安保罗。《孔子基督为友论》。上海:上海美华书馆,1914。[Kranz, Paul. On the Friendship Between Confucius and Christ. Shanghai: American Presbyterian Mission Press, 1914.]
利玛窦、金尼阁。《利玛窦中国札记》。何高济、王遵仲、李申译。桂林:广西师范大学出版社,2001。[Ricci, Matteo & Trigault, Nicolas. China in the
Sixteenth Century: The Journals of Matteo Ricci. Translated by He Gaoji, Wang Zunzhong & Li Shen. Guilin: Guangxi Normal University Press, 2001.]
花之安。《自西徂东》。上海:上海书店出版社,2002 。[Faber, Ernst. Civilization, China and Christian. Shanghai: Shanghai Bookstore Publishing House, 2002.]
保罗·尼特。《宗教对话模式》。王志成译。北京:中国人民大学出版社,2004。[Knitter, Paul F.. Introducing Theologies of Religions. Maryknoll New York: Orbis Books, 2002.]
丁韪良。《花甲记忆》。沈弘、恽文捷、郝田虎译。桂林:广西师范大学出版社, 2005。[Martin, W. A. P.. A cycle of Cathay: or, China, south and north. With personal Reminiscences. New York: Fleming H. Revell Company, 1896.]
理雅各。《中国经典》。上海:华东师范大学出版社,2011。 [Legge, James. The Chinese Classics. Shanghai: East China Normal University Press, 2011.]
利玛窦。《天主实义》。上海:上海交通大学出版社,2013。[Ricci, Matteo. The True Meaning of the Lord of Heaven. Shanghai: Shanghai Jiao Tong University Press, 2013.]
孔颖达疏。《十三经注疏》。北京:北京大学出版社,2025。[Kong Yingda. Annotations to the Thirteen Confucian Classics. Beijing: Peking University Press, 2025.]
朱熹。《四书章句集注》。北京:中华书局,2013。[Zhu XI. Collected Commentaries on the Four Book. Beijing : Zhonghua Book Company, 2013.]
吴雷川。《基督教经与儒教经》。《生命月刊》1923年第3卷第3期。[Wu, Leichuan. Christian Scriptures and Confucian Classics. Shengming Monthly (Life Monthly), 1923, Vol. 3, No. 3.]
顾长声。《传教士与近代中国》。上海:上海人民出版社,1981。[Gu, Changsheng. Missionaries and Modern China. Shanghai: Shanghai People’s Publishing House, 1981.]
陈奇猷。《吕氏春秋校释》。上海:学林出版社,1984。[Chen, Qiyou. Collation and Annotation of Lüshi Chunqiu. Shanghai: Xuelin Press, 1984.]
徐宗泽。《中国天主教传教史概论》。上海:上海书店出版社,1990。[Xu, Zongze. An Introduction to the History of Catholic Missions in China. Shanghai: Shanghai Bookstore Publishing House, 1990.]
朱熹。《四书章句集注》。济南:齐鲁书社,1992年。[Zhu, Xi. Collected Commentaries on the Four Books. Jinan: Qilu Press, 1992.]
熊月之。《西学东渐与晚清社会》。上海:上海人民出版社,1994。[Xiong, Yuezhi. Western Learning Spreading to the East and Society in the Late Qing Dynasty. Shanghai: Shanghai People’s Publishing House, 1994.]
黄新宪。《基督教教育与中国社会变迁》。福州:福建教育出版社, 1996。[Huang, Xinxian. Christian Education and Social Changes in China. Fuzhou: Fujian Education Press, 1996.]
邢福增、梁家辉。《中国祭祖问题》。香港:香港建道神学院, 1997。[Xing, Fuzeng & Liang, Jiahui. The Issue of Ancestor Worship in China. Hong Kong: Alliance Bible Seminary, Hong Kong, 1997.]
蔡锦图。《戴得生与中国内地会(1832-1953)》。香港:香港建道神学院,1998。
[Cai, Jintu. James Hudson Taylor and the China Inland Mission (1832–1953). Hong Kong: Alliance Bible Seminary, Hong Kong, 1998.]
曾德昭。《大中国志》。何高济译。上海:上海古籍出版社,1998。[Semedo, Álvaro. The History of the Great and Renowned Monarchy of China. Translated by He, Gaoji. Shanghai: Shanghai Classics Publishing House, 1998.]
张西平、卓新平。《本色之探——20世纪中国基督教文化学术论集》。北京:中国广播电视出版社,1999。[Zhang Xiping and Zhuo Xinping. eds. Probing into the Indigenousness: Academic Collection of Chinese Christian Culture in the 20th Century. Beijing: China Radio and Television Press, 1999.]
何卫平。《通向解释学辩证法之途》。上海:上海三联书店,2001。[He, Weiping. Towards a Dialectics of Hermeneutics. Shanghai: Shanghai SDX Joint Publishing Company, 2001.]
张西平。《中国和欧洲早期宗教和哲学交流史》。北京:东方出版社,2001。[Zhang, Xiping. A History of Early Religious and Philosophical Exchanges Between China and Europe. Beijing: Dongfang Press, 2001.]
张庆熊。《基督教神学范畴》。上海:上海人民出版社,2003。[Zhang, Qingxiong. Categories of Christian Theology. Shanghai: Shanghai People’s Publishing House, 2003.]
杨万春。《万国公报与晚清中西文化交流》。北京:中国美术学院出版社,2004。[Yang, Wanchun. The Globe Magazine and Sino-Western Cultural Exchanges in the Late Qing Dynasty. Beijing: China Academy of Art Press, 2004.]
孙立新、蒋锐。《东西方之间——中外学者论卫礼贤》。济南:山东大学出版社,2004。[Sun, Lixin & Jiang, Rui. Between East and West: Chinese and Foreign Scholars on Richard Wilhelm. Jinan: Shandong University Press, 2004.]
颜炳罡。《心归何处》。济南:山东人民出版社,2005。[Yan, Binggang. Where Does the Heart Belong? Jinan: Shandong People’s Publishing House, 2005.]
李天纲。《万国公报文选》。上海:中西书局,2012。[Li, Tiangang. Selected Essays from The Globe Magazine. Shanghai: Zhongxi Book Company, 2012.]
孙立新。《近代中德关系史》。北京,商务印书馆,2014。[Sun, Lixin. A History of Modern Sino-German Relations. Beijing: The Commercial Press, 2014.]
罗伟虹。《中国基督教(新教)史》。上海:上海世纪出版集团,2014。[Luo, Weihong. A History of Protestantism in China. Shanghai: Shanghai Century Publishing Group, 2014.]
李新德。《明清时期西方传教士中国儒道释典籍之翻译与诠释》。北京:商务印书馆,2015。 [Li, Xinde. Translation and Interpretation of Chinese Confucian, Daoist, and Buddhist Classics by Western Missionaries during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Beijing: The Commercial Press, 2015.]
张志刚、唐晓峰。《基督教中国化研究(第四辑)》。北京:宗教文化出版社,2017。[Zhang, Zhigang & Tang, Xiaofeng. (Eds.). Studies on the Sinicization of Christianity (Vol. 4). Beijing: Religious Culture Press, 2017.]
石衡潭。《中西元典对读》,北京:中国社会科学出版社,2018。[Shi, Hengtan. A Comparative Study of the Analects of Confucius and the Holy Bible. Beijing: China Social Sciences Press. 2017.]
费乐仁。《传教士汉学家的中国经典出版的比较,理雅各、顾赛芬、卫礼贤》。《国际汉学》2013年第24 期。[Lauren Pfister. Missionary-Sinologists’ Editions of Chinese Classics: A Comparison of James Legge, Séraphin Couvreur and Richard Wilhelm. International Sinology, 2013(24).]
姚达兑。《斯宾塞福音: 李提摩太译<大同学>及其对梁启超的影响》。《中山大学学报》2016年第6期。[Yao, Dadui. The Spencerian Gospel: Timothy Richard’s Translation of Datong Shu and Its Influence on Liang Qichao. Journal of Sun Yat-sen University, 2016(6).]
张冰。《继承、误读与改写,清末士大夫对<百年一觉>“大同”的接受》。《浙江外国语学院学报》2017年第6期。[Zhang, Bing. Inheritance, Misreading and Rewriting: Acceptance of the “Great Unity” in Looking Backward by Scholar-Officials in the Late Qing Dynasty. Journal of Zhejiang International Studies University, 2017(6).]
刘培功、单虹泽。《“从大同世界”到“万物一体”论儒家人类命运共同体思想及其当代价值》。《河南社会科学》2019年第8期。[Liu, Peigong & Shan, Hongze. From “Great Unity” to “Unity of All Things”: On Confucian Thought of a Community with a Shared Future for Mankind and Its Contemporary Value. Henan Social Sciences, 2019(8).]
陈启云。《梁启超与清末西方传教士之互动研究——传教士对于维新派影响的个案分析》。《史学集刊》2006年第4期。[Chen Qiyun. Liang Qi Chao’s “Missionary Education”: A Case Study of Missionary Influence on the Reformers. Collected Papers of History Studies, 2006(4). ]

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
