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17—18世纪来华西方传教士对孔子形象的塑造经历了持续而复杂的过程。学界以往多以1662年殷铎泽、郭纳爵《中国智慧》所附《孔子传》为起点考察这一传统，但本文通过发掘1654年何大化《中国分期史》中的《孔子传》，揭示了这一书写传统更早的源头。本文以何大化《孔子传》为基础，进一步探讨早期耶稣会士所塑造的孔子形象，并考察不同修会围绕孔子所展开的书写与论辩。通过比较耶稣会与多明我会在“孔子观欹器”、“君子不器”等典故及孔子信仰问题上的争议，揭示传教士之间的思想交流及其与中国礼仪之争的联系，从而表明早期西文中的孔子形象是在修会互动与论争中逐渐形成的。
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