关键词
How to Cite
Share
摘要
本文以十九世纪美国归正会驻厦宣教士打马字为个案，重构其“口语—文字—文本—课堂—流通”的译经与文字实践，考察方言译经在宗教传播之外的社会功能。研究利用档案、年报、书信与早期罗马字文本，梳理厦门话罗马字的形成、早期闽南语圣经的译介及其出版传播。研究发现：打马字通过低门槛书写工具与持续文本供给，配合妇女班与本地教师，显著提升基层读写能力，率先改善妇女群体的阅读处境，并推动教会由“外来推动”转向“地方自立”；由此累积的罗马字文献与《厦门音的字典》亦启发近代拼音化探索和推动闽南语研究。打马字个案揭示方言译经及相关文字实践如何推动地方社会变迁与文化更新。
参考文献
英文书目
Bradley, Charles W. “Chinese Local Dialects Reduced to Writing: An Outline of the System Adopted for Romanizing the Dialect of Amoy”. Journal of the American Oriental Society, 4 (1854), pp. 327-340.
Cheng, Yingheng. “Sing to the Lord a New Song: the Development and Influence of Minnan Hymns”, In Protestantism in Xiamen: Then and Now. Translated and edited by Chris White. Palgrave Macmillan, 2019.
Cheung, David. Christianity in Modern China: The Making of the First Native Protestant Church. Vol 28 Leiden: Brill, 2004.
Corwin, Edward Tanjore. A Manual of the Reformed Church in America (Formerly Ref. Prot. Dutch Church). 1628-1902. New York: Board of publication of the Reformed church in America, 1902.
Darlow, Thomas Herbert and Horace Frederick Moule. Historical Catalogue of the Printed Editions of Holy Scripture in the Library of the British and Foreign Bible Society. New York: Kraus Reprint Corp, Vol. 2, 1963.
De Jong, Gerald Francis. The Reformed Church in China, 1842-1951. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Eerdmans, 1992.
Doty, Elihu. Anglo-Chinese Manual with Romanized Colloquial in the Amoy Dialect. Canton: S. Wells Williams, 1853.
Douglas, Carstairs. Dictionary of the Vernacular or Spoken Language of Amoy. London: Presbyterian Church of England, 1873. p. vii.
Fagg, John Gerardus. Forty Years in South China: The Life of Rev. John Van Nest Talmage, D.D.. New York: A. D. F. Randolph & Company, 1894.
Lin, Yutang. From Pagan to Christian. Cleveland and New York: The World Publishing Company, 1959.
Pitcher, Philip Wilson. Fifty years in Amoy or A History of the Amoy Mission, China. New York: Board of Publication of the Reformed Church in America, 1893.
Pitcher, Philip Wilson. In and About Amoy: Some historical and other facts connected with one of the first open ports in China. Shanghai and Foochow: The Methodist Publishing House in China, 1912.
Szasz, Ferenc M. “T. DeWitt Talmage: Spiritual Tycoon of the Gilded Age”. Journal of Presbyterian History(1962-1985), 1 (1981). p. 19.
Wylie Alexander. Memorials of Protestant Missionaries to the Chinese: Giving a List of Their Publications, and Obituary Notices of the Deceased. With Copious Indexes. Shanghai: American Presbyterian Mission Press, 1867.
Xie, Jiapeng and Su Yuxiao. “Chinese Translations of John Bunyan’s The Pilgrim’s Progress”. Bunyan Studies 22 (2018). pp. 114–141.
中文书目
李少明。《闽南话教会罗马字与汉语拼音》。《海峡教育研究》2014年第1期。第39-43页。[LI Shaoming. “Minnan Hua Jiaohui Luoma Zi yu Hanyu Pinyin”. Cross-strait Education Research 2014 issue 1. pp. 39-43.]
黎子鹏。《经典的转生——晚清〈天路历程〉汉译研究》。香港：基督教中國宗教文化研究社，2012。[Lai, Tsz Pang John. The Afterlife of a Classic: A Critical Study of the Chinese Translations of The Pilgrim’s Progress (Jingdian de Zhuansheng: Wanqing Tianlu Licheng Hanyi Yanjiu). Hong Kong: Christian Study Centre on Chinese Religion and Culture, 2012.]
许长安、李熙泰。《厦门话文》。厦门：鹭江出版社，1999。[XU Changan and LI Xitai. Xiamen Huawen. Xiamen: Lujiang Publishing House, 1999.]
许长安。《闽南白话字》。北京：语文出版社，1992。[XU Changan. Minnan Baihua Zi. Beijing: Language & Culture Press, 1992.]
许长安。《闽南白话字史略》。厦门：厦门大学出版社，2016。[XU Changan. Minnan Baihua Zi Shilue. Xiamen: Xiamen University Press, 2016.]
张嘉星。《欧洲人汉语辞书编纂始于闽南语辞书说》。《福州大学学报·哲社版》2013年第3期。第12-15页。[ZHANG Jiaxing. “Ouzhou Ren Hanyu Cishu Bianzuan Shiyu Minnan Yu Cishu Shuo”. Journal of Fuzhou University (Philosophy and Social Sciences) 2013 issue 3. pp. 12-15.]
赵广军。《闽方言圣经与近代福建社会》。《圣经文学研究》2020年第2期。第184-219页。[ZHAO Guangjun. “The Fujian Dialect and Modern Fujianese Society”. Journal for the Study of Biblical Literature 2020 issue 2. pp. 184-219.]
林至诚。《打马字牧师畧述》。《中西教会报》1893年第24卷第2期。第11页。[LIN Zhicheng. “Da Ma Zi Mushi Lueshu”. The Chinese Christian Review 1893 volume 24 issue 2. p. 11.]
张嘉星。《西方传教士汉语闽方言教育史略——从天主教徒早期南洋闽南话著述说起》。《北方语言论丛》2013年。第64-81页。[ZHANG Jiaxing. “Xifang Chuanjiao Shi Hanyu Min Fangyan Jiaoyu Shilue–Cong Tianzhujiao Tu Zaoqi Nanyang Minnan Hua Zhushu Shuoqi”. Beifang Yuyan Luncong 2013. pp. 64-81.]
林世岩。《厦门话白话字简明教程》。厦门：厦门大学出版社，2014。[LIN Shiyan. A Concise Book of Xiamen Pe̍h-ōe-jī. Xiamen: Xiamen University Press, 2014.]
张屏生、张毓仁。《甘为霖〈厦门音新字典〉和打马字〈厦门音个字典〉的音系比较及其相关问题》。台湾罗马字国际研讨会。2004。[ZHANG Pingsheng & ZHANG Yuren. “Gan Weilin Xiamen Yin Xin Zidian he Da Ma Zi Xiamen Yin Ge Zidian de Yinxi Bijiao Jiqi Xiangguan Wenti”. National Cheng Kung University. Taiwan Luoma Zi Guoji Yantao Hui. 2004.
档案资料
Report of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions (Boston: Press of T. R. Marvin, 1842-58).
ABCFM, The Missionary Herald (Boston: Press of T. R. Marvin, 1842-1858).
Annual Report of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Reformed Protestant Dutch Church (New York: Board of Publication of the Reformed Protestant Dutch Church, 1857-1942).
The English Presbyterian Messenger, (Vol. 3, London: Hamilton, Adams, and Co., 1851), p. 89.
The Chinese Recorder and Missionary Journal (Shanghai: American Presbyterian Mission Press, Vol. 7, No. 2, March-April 1876), p. 117.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.