新文化运动“反迷信”叙事的基督宗教谱系
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关键词

新文化运动、反迷信、基督宗教

基金项目与致谢

本文系教育部社会科学基金青年项目“中西对话视域下的‘迷信’观念研究”(24YJC730003)阶段性成果。

How to Cite

杨佳伦. (2026). 新文化运动“反迷信”叙事的基督宗教谱系. 中国基督教研究(ISSN:3068-479X), 26, 174-193. https://doi.org/10.29635/

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摘要

新文化运动的反迷信叙事并非五四时期横空出世的世俗建构。这一启蒙话语在思想渊源上,内化并借用了它原本意图批判的对象——基督宗教的历史遗产。晚清以降,以广学会为代表的传教机构在自然神学的理念下,率先构建了以自然科学批判本土宗教信仰的祛魅路径。此后的新文化知识分子承接了“以科学破除迷信”的话语结构,但剥离了“格致学”的自然神学内涵,并将其重塑为代表真理标准的“赛先生”,由此确立了现代科学之权威。除了叙事结构的接力之外,在具体的批判建构中,新文化运动知识分子也曾直接引用传教士的田野材料,并吸收了教会学者编纂的迷信分类标准。非基督教运动时期,本土基督教精英为应对社会压力,主动拥抱了新文化运动所确立的反迷信叙事。这场跨越宗教与世俗边界的话语接力表明,近代中国关于“科学”、“宗教”与“迷信”的权力边界,实则是在复杂的知识借鉴、话语置换与时代张力中动态生成的。

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