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Since the 19th century, Medical missionaries coming to China have developed a keen interest in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). The China Medical Missionary Journal(CMMJ), a professional journal founded by medical missionaries, extensively published their observations and records on TCM, serving as an important platform for them to exchange views and disseminate their findings. The in-depth observations of TCM by medical missionaries stemmed from both their professional interests and the practical needs of daily medical practice. Taking Chinese medicinal herbs as the core of their research, they not only explored and applied local medicinal materials to meet pharmaceutical needs but also conducted systematic studies on TCM using methods such as biochemistry and pharmacology, promoting the subsequent standardized and scientific development of TCM research. At the practical level, although medical missionaries found it difficult to understand the entire TCM system, under the advocacy of expanding medical methods, they explored and pondered on many practical TCM techniques with an open and meticulous attitude. In addition, the CMMJ recorded that medical missionaries, from the perspective of modern scientific medicine, put forward relatively professional and objective criticisms and improvement suggestions on the deficiencies of TCM. By sorting out the observations and explorations of TCM by medical missionaries recorded in the CMMJ, we can explore the reasons, processes, and impacts of this group’s observations on TCM.
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